Precision wheat seeding is a comprehensive technical measure to achieve even higher yields in high-yield fields. It offers advantages such as uniform sowing, uniform and robust seedlings, well-developed root systems, thick stems, abundant tillering, frost resistance, drought resistance, lodging resistance, uniform heading, large ears, numerous grains, heavy grains, and seed saving. The following are the usage methods and precautions for precision wheat seeding:
I. Environmental Requirements for Precision Seeding
1. Good Soil Foundation: Precision seeding is suitable for high-yield fields with good soil, fertilizer, and water conditions. The field should be deeply plowed and finely harrowed, ensuring a loose topsoil and firm subsoil, a smooth surface without clods, and sufficient base fertilizer.
2. High-Quality and Carefully Selected Seeds: The seeds selected for precision wheat seeding must be varieties with good individual yield performance, strong tillering ability, and high single-plant productivity. Before sowing, the seeds should be cleaned using a suitable long-hole sieve, ensuring plump grains and a high germination rate. Seeds should be treated with pesticides before sowing to prevent pests and diseases.
3. Sowing should be done at a moderate and slightly earlier time. Since wheat is sown with a low seed rate, it relies on tillering to increase the plant population. Therefore, sowing must be done in accordance with the solar terms and based on air and soil temperatures. The suitable sowing period for winter wheat is when the average daily temperature is between 15℃ and 18℃.
II. Inspection and Adjustment of Machinery Before Operation
1. Inspection and Adjustment of Seed Meter: ① Carefully check whether the conical orifice disc used is large or small. A disc suitable for the seed rate of the wheat variety should be used. Large orifices can meet the seed rate requirements of 52 kg/ha to 165 kg/ha, while small orifices can meet the seed rate requirements of 37 kg/ha to 105 kg/ha. ② Check the gap between the conical orifice disc and the moving part of the seed metering device base. This gap should be uniform and should not exceed 2 mm. If it is not in compliance, it should be corrected and repaired. ③ Check and adjust the seed scraper. During sowing operations, frequently check whether the scraper rubber plate is excessively worn. If the notch size exceeds the notch size of the limited-quantity channel plate, the seed scraper rubber plate should be turned around or replaced; otherwise, the seed breakage rate will increase. ④ Check and adjust the seed feeder. Check if the seed feeder wheel rotates flexibly, if the rubber ring is worn or detached, if the spring force of the plunger is sufficient, and if the plunger moves freely up and down. Repair or replace any defective parts promptly.
2. Horizontal Adjustment: Lower the seeder so that the furrow opener blade tip is close to the ground surface. Observe if the blade tip height from the ground is consistent. If not, adjust the suspension mechanism's lower lever to level the seeder horizontally.
3. Front-to-Back Level Adjustment: When the seeder is lowered to the required sowing depth, observe if its drive shaft is horizontal front-to-back, or if its intermediate gearbox is horizontal. If not, adjust it to a horizontal position using the upper lever.
4. Lifting Height Adjustment: Since the tilt angle of the drive shaft should not exceed 25 degrees, the lifting height should not be too large. Generally, in field operations, it is sufficient to lift the seeder until the blade tip is 20 cm from the ground surface. 5. Sowing Depth Adjustment: After the seeder reaches the desired sowing depth, use the positioning device to stop the position adjustment handle to ensure it descends to the same depth each time.
III. Timely Troubleshooting to Ensure Sowing Quality
1. Causes of Missed Sowing: Blockage at the sowing outlet; blockage in the seed delivery pipe; the seed dispensing clutch is not engaged; weakened or broken spring force in the seed dispensing gearbox.
2. Causes of Press Roller Not Rotating or Soil Accumulation: The scraper blade is not sharp or the gap is too large; the scraper is colliding with the anti-slip gear; high soil moisture content.
3. Causes of Significant Driveshaft Misalignment During Operation: The seeder is not level left and right; the single-sided limit chain of the tractor suspension mechanism's lower lever is too short.
IV. Precautions During Operation
1. It is strictly forbidden to engage power or rapidly lower the seeder after entering the soil to prevent damage to the tractor and seeder transmission components.
2. Operation should be stopped when reversing or turning.
3. No one is allowed to stand on the seeder during operation to prevent falls and accidents. 4. When replacing parts, the engine should be turned off.
